The Importance Of Birthdays In American Culture - 1208 Words

In American culture, birthdays are an important event and celebrated in many ways. Birthdays are more than just singing â€Å"Happy Birthday†. Celebrating ones birthday whether it be a first birthday, a thirteenth birthday, a sixteenth birthday, a twenty first birthday or an fiftieth birthday are all often substantial and considered to be an accomplishment. Birthdays may just be any other day in any other culture but, the American culture does more to celebrate ones day of birth and often celebrates them by going over the top. A birthday, commonly known as an occasion, is a celebration of the day of which a person was born. The definition may seem simple but, Americans make a an ordinary day something extraordinary. A first birthday in†¦show more content†¦Years with more responsibility and something every kid looks forward too. For some reason being a teenager is so much cooler than being an eleven or twelve year old. Celebrations often include friends and more exp ensive parties that symbolize growing up. Im talking about sleeping over a friends house for a night to eat a whole bunch of junk food, watch scary movies and stay up super late. Weird, right? Although the celebration of a thirteenth birthday are comparable to those of previous years, once a person turns sixteen, its like a whole new world. In the American culture a sixteenth birthday is where a teenager starts to transition into an adult. Most of the time girls celebrate the beginning of becoming a woman with a huge party called a â€Å"Sweet 16†. A sweet 16 is thrown to show how beautiful of a girl she has become and what an amazing woman she will become. This event can either be formal or in formal but normally consist of bright colored, long, puffy dresses that help the girl stand out from her guests. The number of guests normally range from 70 to 200. But, I could only imagine how expensive this actually is. Paying for, what sounds like an expensive dress, to paying for a venue, to paying to feed guests and even decorations to go along with a possible theme can most definitely add up and seems to be just way over the top for a birthday party. Although gifts are given and oftenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jhumpa Lahiri s The Namesake, Ashoke And Ashima Ganguli1666 Words   |  7 PagesEmbracing Culture Immigrants to America face a major challenge when they first arrive. These immigrants from all different backgrounds and cultures feel like outsiders in America because the culture they have been immersed in their entire lives is no longer present in America. In Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake, Ashoke and Ashima Ganguli come to the United States after they have lived in India for nearly thirty years. Ashoke and Ashima are only familiar with the Bengali customs and traditions; theyRead MoreHeritage Assessment1246 Words   |  5 PagesEvery culture is different and perceives the world differently. Cultures are inherited and a learned behavior. Everyone has a cultural heritage. This heritage assessment tool is helpful in understanding the different practices, distinctness and traditions of each individual. I am from the United States and the United States is home for diverse culture. My native language is English which I use in my everyday life. I’ve had some classes in Spanish and I know a few words but I’m not fluent inRead MorePuerto Rican Culture And Family History1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe pleasure of interviewing a person of Puerto Rican decent and I learned very much about her culture. Melanie W. is a Puerto Rican American who was born in 1983 in Seattle, Washington to Raul and Elba. Melanie is a 31 year old female who is married to her husband, Joshua for 8 years. Melanie and Joshua are currently expecting twin boys. After talking with Melanie, I have learn quite a bit about her culture and family history. I will discuss further into details later in the paper. There are many influencesRead MoreAge Rituals For Females : The Bat Mitzvah, The Quinceanera, And The Sunrise Ceremony1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe ride around the Sun starts the day we are born, and each time we have made a full revolution we celebrate a birthday. Interestingly enough, cultures around the world have decided that after so many birthdays, a child has reached the coming of age and is celebrated through some type of ritual. I quote the coming of age because it is practiced differently from culture to culture. However, the underlying similarity is that it marks the time in which a child has reached a milestone in life thatRead MoreA Description of Cultural Patterns973 Words   |  4 Pageselements that address the manner in which a culture orients itself to activities, social relations, the self, the world and the passage of time. In the following reflection I will identify each one of these dimensions with the cultural patterns shown in my country. Starting with the activity orientation, which defines how the people of a culture view human actions and the expression of self through activities, we can identify the Puerto Rican culture as a â€Å"becoming† one. A â€Å"becoming† orientationRead MoreA Description of Cultural Patterns979 Words   |  4 Pageselements that address the manner in which a culture orients itself to activities, social relations, the self, the world and the passage of time. In the following reflection I will identify each one of these dimensions with the cultural patterns shown in my country. Starting with the activity orientation, which defines how the people of a culture view human actions and the expression of self through activities, we can identify the Puerto Rican culture as a â€Å"becoming† one. A â€Å"becoming† orientationRead MoreDifferent Cultures Around The World867 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many cultures around the world, each with a unique set of characteristics. For example, I identify myself as a Korean-American. Education and family is valued over the individual. We hold the superstition that shaking one’s leg means shaking away one’s luck. As a Korean-American, we believe that our elders should be respected. For example, when we see an elder, we bow and say hello. Birthday celebrations for immediate family members and relatives include eating seaweed soup to promoteRead MoreIvan Miranda, A Native Of Acapulco, Mexico868 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneration of his family in America, therefore, a majority of the answers are of direction of his family’s values towards his grandparents and the ethics that are taught by them. In addition, I came to understand more about his family’s thoughts on the importance of elderlies, along with the loss of their heritage’s way of life towards the elders. Ivan and his siblings were raised to love and respect their elders. The elders are the origin of the family and without the elders, none of them would be hereRead MoreThe Intentional Family By Malery Wahlin1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early twentieth century, Americans turned a corner in family life, never to go back. By the 1950’s, the Psychological Family had largely replaced the Institutional Family as the cultural norm in American. The chief goals of families were no longer stability and security but rather the satisfaction of individual family members. Men and women’s roles ideally were â€Å"separate but equal.† This emergence threatened historical family values by reversing the importance of the individual and the familyRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1684 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of these early birthdays and sporting success. One would have two trace back to the beginning of one’s sporting carrier to discover the answer. The typical cut off for age groups in sporting leagues is January first. Children playing sports with birthdays closer to the first typically do better due to maturity. This slight advantage leads them to getting better training and coaching and ultimately giving them a bigger advantage. This advantage grows until the lat er birthdays simply cannot keep

Food Insecurity Among The Aging Population - 765 Words

In the last five years there has been a growth in the level of food insecurity among the aging population. In 2012 15.3% of the aging faced a threat of food insecurity. Further from 2001 to 2012 there was a 44% increase in the aging population experiencing hunger (Ziliak Gundersen, 2013). In 2008 8.1% of households with an elderly individual living in the residence were food insecure, and 8.8% of the elderly living alone were food insecure (Coleman-Jenson, Nord, Andrews, Carlson, 2009). After a dip in 2010 rates of food insecurity among the aging there was an increase in food insecurity among households with the elderly present and households of the elderly living alone (Coleman-Jenson, Nord, Andrews, Carlson, 2011; Coleman-Jensen, Nord, Singh; 2012, 2013). 2013 8.7% of households with elderly individuals were food insecure (Coleman-Jensen, Gregory, Singh, 2014; Ziliak Gundersen, 2014). Research has shown food insecurity leads to the reduction of nutritionally sufficient diets and poorer health status, thus this growth in food insecurity for the elderly is troubling as the elderly are already at risk for poor health outcomes (Lee Frongillo, 2001; Stuff, et al., 2004). Heflin, Corcoran, Siefert examine variation in food insecurity among low-income populations and suggest food insecurity operates through three mechanisms: (1) individual constraints on coping abilities, (2) demands, and (3) resources (2007). A significant body of literature on food securityShow MoreRelatedThe Demographic Characteristics Of The Senior Population Has Changed Over Time1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe senior population has been changing over time. The rise in diversity and the geographic placement of seniors can provide an opportunity to examine their use of the social program SNAP. Characteristics of food insecurity such a geography and race correlate with higher rates of food insecurity and as these same characteristics continue to grow in the senior population. Since seniors have the lowest rates of SNAP participation versus other age groups, and their rates of food insecurity continue toRead MoreFood Insecurity in Aging Society1627 Words   |  7 PagesSection I. F ood Insecurity Aging Society: The United States is experiencing social issues related to food insecurity and hunger. Current research states that older adults are especially vulnerable to food insecurity. In a study published in the Journal of Urban Health states, â€Å"Among the 14.6% of American households experiencing food insecurity, approximately 2 million are occupied by older adults† (Chung, Gallo, Giunta, Canavan, Parikh, Fahs, 2011, p. 1). Since the year 2011 the Athens CommunityRead MoreGender Inequality And The Workplace1630 Words   |  7 Pagesconspicuous among men and women of lower socioeconomic statuses. A consequence of differences in economic inequities and well-being by gender have potential to effect inequity in material hardship. Food security, a component of material hardship, which is associated with poverty and labor participation, also shows gender differences in impact and prevalence (LeBlanc, Betsey, Blaylock, 2005). Women have higher rates of food insecurity than men. Additionally, research has shown among the foodRead MoreGerontology Agencies within Georgia1612 Words   |  7 PagesSection I. Food Insecurity Aging Society: The United States is experiencing social issues related to food insecurity and hunger. Current research states that older adults are especially vulnerable to food insecurity. In a study published in the Journal of Urban Health states, â€Å"Among the 14.6% of American households experiencing food insecurity, approximately 2 million are occupied by older adults† (Chung, Gallo, Giunta, Canavan, Parikh, Fahs, 2011, p. 1). Since the year 2011 the Athens CommunityRead MoreElderly Senior Population779 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2014, Americans age 65 and older represented 14.5% of the total population in the United States. Between 2004 and 2014 the senior population grew by 10 million—constituting a 28% increase in the senior population, far surpassing the 6.2% growth in the population under the age of 65 (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). It is projected that one in every five Americans will be a senior in 2030 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 13; Ortman, Velkoff Hogan, 2014). The comingRead MoreFood Insecurity And Its Effects On Health1258 Words   |  6 PagesFood insecurity is defined as â€Å"limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.†1 Food insecurity data found that in America, 12.7% of households were food insecure at some point and 5% of households had very low food security in 2015.2 The prevalence of food insecurity in Ohio was greater than the national average in 2015, with 16.1% of households reporting food insecurity.2 TheRead MoreEducating Children And Our Elderly Population Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pageschildren and our elderly population are most vulnerable. A need that needs to be addressed is that older adults have a lack of income. This mean that older adults do not have much money for food, because they have a harder time finding work that is not too labor intense. A program that I propose that would service our older population would be provided meals to older adults in the community. The goals and needs that my service program would satisfied would be food insecurity and the goal would beRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Food Deserts And Food Insecurity Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Determinants of Food Deserts and Food Insecurity Diverse groups in American society are often the most marginalized and therefore the most vulnerable to issues that undermine the fair and uncomplicated pursuit of health and wellbeing. One of those issues is the lack of access to affordable healthy food and, in many cases, the inaccessibility to food in general. Areas where affordable and healthy foods are largely unavailable are called food deserts and the members of the diverse groupsRead MoreThe Growth Of The Elderly Population779 Words   |  4 PagesThe elderly have had considerably lowering SNAP take-up rates than other age groups. The growing aging population created a downward trajectory for participation rates because as more become eligible for SNAP they continue to have one of the lowest rates of SNAP take-up. Additionally, the take-up among the aging population drastically varies by state impacting the overall participation rate among the subgroup. States that have a high proportion of eligible seniors living in rural a reas have lowerRead MoreThe Food System Is Essential For Sustaining Human Life1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe food system is essential to sustaining human life, yet it often gets overlooked. Feeding a city comes with a lot of issues, especially feeding the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) at a population of 414,000 (Statistics Canada, 2015). Although food is required to sustain humans, it has not always been produced sustainably in Halifax. Food sustainability is not only concerned with the food people consume, but rather looks at the whole system, interconnecting social, economic, and environmental

Jonny Lang free essay sample

When we arrived at the civic center after afour-hour drive to see the teen blues rocker, we were surprised to seeJonny Lang himself rollerblading in the parking lot. It was almost twohours before the concert, so not many cars were there yet. We would havestopped to wish him luck but he bladed around the building and out ofview before we had the chance. At 7 p.m. sharp we were in ourseats. Opening-act Beth Hart came on and gave a rather interestingperformance. Her voice was reminiscent of Janis Joplins, and though herperformance was well-done, it was a bit too long. At the end ofher hour, the lights brightened and the opening notes of StillRainin' rolled out. Jonny Lang and his band were absolutelyamazing; I was in awe. Jonnys a great musician; he sang with suchemotion. I had waited almost three years to see him perform and it tookme four hours to get there, but the wait was, without a doubt, worthit. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonny Lang or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jonny and his band performed smashing songs from his twomajor-label albums, Lie To Me and Wander ThisWorld. I was very, very impressed. If you ever get a chance to seeJonny Lang, dont pass it up. Youll miss one of the best performersever. After the concert, my friend and I stood outside for wellover an hour. We got to meet all of the band (except for the drummer)and Jonny himself. It was great to see that people with such talentstill have their heads on straight and arent the least bit conceited.They were really nice, polite and fun to talk to. This was thecoolest concert Ive ever been to; all the waiting and hours on the roadpaid off. I would do it all again in a heartbeat.

Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure

Question: Discuss about the Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure. Answer: Introduction: The article was written as a result of the work of the European Society of Crdiologys taskforce that was established to deliberate concerning treatment and diagnosis of the condition. The article reports that heart failure is a serious illness that can be treated if appropriate guidelines are adhered to. It is a qualitative research that was conducted by using qualitative tools to collect and analyze the data. Heart failure is a complex procedure that requires professionalism, commitment, and patient-centeredness during treatment and management. Each patient has unique needs that should be addressed at any given time. The article is suitable for the case study because it provides useful information on the guidelines to follow during treatment and diagnosis of heart failure. A good reason why many heart failure patients fail to get satisfactory healthcare services is that many practitioners do not follow the right procedure when attending to them. Therefore, by using this article, the quality of care given to the patients will definitely increase. It will adequately inform the healthcare provider that when serving a patient with heart failure, they should be aware of the right and appropriate procedures to adhere to. This article was authored by Ress, K., Brunner, E., Thorogood, M., and Dyakova, M. and published by the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2013. In this article, the writers present a candid research conducted on the relationship between diet and hearty failure. Just like any other illness, heart failure requires diet to be taken so seriously. It is a qualitative type of research whose data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. The research established that diet forms a significant component of the management and treatment of all the cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is important for the healthcare providers to be ready to provide excellent dietary advice to the patients. Food is a necessary human need that should be taken so keenly especially during illnesses. The article suits the information in the case study. Its application can help in improving the quality of life of the patient. Charlie is an elderly patient who, amongst other challenges, faces a problem of nutrition. When equipped with proper advice on diet matters, the cardiovascular patient can be to make better decisions that can facilitate the regaining of his health no matter how challenging it might be. Therefore, the article is a recommended resource whose inclusion in the case study will help in providing quality services to the patient. This article was written by Dahlstrm, U., Mrtensson, J., Levin, L., Strmberg, A., Karlsson, J.E., and Fridlund, B. and published by the European Heart Journal in 2003. It is a randomized trial that was conducted to study the contribution of nurses on the enhancement of self-care behaviours amongst the heart failure patients. It was a randomized research whose data was collected using a computerized randomization technique. The finding is that nurses should be active participants in the management of heart failure. If the patients with heart failure are properly managed by the nurse, they can increase their chances of survival. The research concluded that the survival rates increase because under the nurses leadership, cardiovascular patients can be empowered to adopt beneficial self-care behaviours. The article is suitable for usage in the case study because it touches on an aspect of cardiovascular care that should be taken seriously. The emphasis on the role of nurse in the provision of support to the cardiovascular patient is commendable. As was found in the research, the patient should be part of the management of cardiovascular diseases (Damman, et al., 2014). If the patient, for instance, adopts self-care management strategies and applies them appropriately, they can positively contribute towards the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, to do this, the nurse should be actively involved. Justification for your choice of sources ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology is one of the articles that should be used as a reference material for the research. The article suits Charlies case because of its strengths. First, it is a credible resource that was written by reputable scholars who made lots of significant contributions in the field of cardiovascular illnesses. The article is appropriate because it contains important information that was gathered as a result of an extensive research conducted in collaboration between different reputable institutions Zannad, et al., 2015). Besides, it should be preferred to any other resource because it is an article that was peer-reviewed before it was eventually published. Meaning, it is a credible authority that should be relied upon when conducting a research on the management and treatment of heart failure as well as other cardiovascular diseases (Wu, Corley, Lennie Moser, 2012). Lastly, the article should be chosen because it is a well-researched paper. It contains useful information on the treatment as well as diagnosis of heart failure. The guidelines it contains are very important because their application can help in improving the quality of cardiovascular care (Molloy, O'Carroll, Witham McMurdo, 2012). Charlie is an elderly patient who has a very complicated case. The findings of the research conducted here are very important because they contain the guidelines that should be followed while serving the patient. If properly adhered to, the guidelines can help in improving the quality of cardiovascular care given to a patient like Charlie. It is therefore applicable in the study. Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk is a must-read article that should be used as a reference material when addressing the cases of cardiovascular illnesses. It is an invaluable resource that needs to be considered because it has important information on the aspect of diet. The rationale for including this article is that it has much strength. For example, it provides reliable information on the importance of diet in the life of a patient suffering from cardiovascular illness (McMurray, et al., 2014). As a matter of fact, diet is a very important thing that should always be treated with caution especially during illness. After acknowledging the important contributions of diet, the authors explain that a cardiovascular patient should be properly inducted on the kinds of foods to use during illness (Menasch, et al., 2015). This makes the article to be appropriate because a proper management of diet can help in ensuring that the patient is fully-supported to manage the condi tion and works towards the improvement of health. The other reason why this article has been chosen is that it is a reliable resource that should be included when conducting a research on heart failure. It is an article that contains updated information. Its publication in 2013 implies that it is one of the most current resources in cardiovascular diseases. When conducting research, it is important to have current resources because they contain useful sets of data on the latest trends in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of the condition (Motoki, et al., 2016). Lastly, the article should be used in addressing Charlies case because it touches on nutrition matters that will have to be part of the research (Guo, Pittler Ernst, 2008). It cannot be good to attend to a cardiovascular patient without incorporating the element of nutrition and diet. The rationale for choosing Nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: results from a prospective, randomized trial is that it is a result of extensive research that was conducted to study the impacts of the contribution of nurses on the improvement of the survival of cardiovascular patients. The article provides reliable data that should be included in the study (Faris, Flather, Purcell, PooleWilson Coates, 2006). It is a peer-reviewed journal whose research was conducted by reputable scholars. In addition, the collection of the data for the research was appropriately done. The methodology applied in the collection of data is okay because it included the use of randomized trial which is good for scientific research (Teerlink, et al., 2013). It can generate data that can be generalized to provide a wider understanding on the concept for which research is conducted. It therefore means that the research is an appropriate one for usage in understanding what the cardiovascular patient is going through. Recommendations Heart failure is a very troublesome cardiovascular illness in the healthcare sector. A cardiovascular patient like Charlie should be provided with high quality services to enable them improve their health. Therefore, this paper presents the following recommendations: First, a patient with heart failure should be provided with adequate attention by the healthcare providers. The findings in the first article should be applied because, with the support of a nurse, the patient can be empowered to be an active contributor in the treatment, management, and healing process (Chin, et al., 2014). Secondly, the patient suffering from a cardiovascular illness should be provided with nutritional support. Diet is an important factor that should be considered when providing healthcare services to a patient (Gorthi, Huntera, Mooss, Alla Hilleman, 2014). In this regard, it is advisable to educate the patient on the strategies that should be adopted when choosing a diet to use while managing the illness. Finally, it is recommended that a heart failure patient should be empowered to adopt behaviours that can help in the management of the condition. Self-management is an important aspect of treatment that should be treated with lots of care. It can help in facilitating the healing process. References Chin, M. P., et al., (2014). Risk factors for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease treated with bardoxolone methyl. Journal of cardiac failure, 20(12), 953-958. Damman, K., et al., (2014). Renal impairment, worsening renal function, and outcome in patients with heart failure: an updated meta-analysis. European heart journal, 35(7), 455-469. Faris, R., Flather, M., Purcell, H., PooleWilson, P.Coates, A. (2006). Diuretics for heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003838. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2. Gorthi, J., Huntera, C., Mooss, A.,Alla, V., Hilleman, D. (2014). Reducing Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions: A Systematic Review of Disease Management Programs. Cardiology Research, 5(5), 126-138. Guo, R., Pittler, M., Ernst, E. (2008), Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005312. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005312.pub2. McMurray, J. J., et al., (2014). Baseline characteristics and treatment of patients in Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure trial (PARADIGM?HF). European journal of heart failure, 16(7), 817- 825. Menasch, P., et al., (2015). Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors for severe heart failure treatment: first clinical case report. European heart journal, 36(30), 2011- 2017. Molloy, G., O'Carroll, R., Witham, M., McMurdo, M., (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: a systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 5(1), 126-133. Motoki, N., et al., (2016). Successful treatment of arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy in an infant with tuberous sclerosis complex. BMC pediatrics, 16(1), 16. Teerlink, J. R., et al., (2013). Serelaxin, recombinant human relaxin-2, for treatment of acute heart failure (RELAX-AHF): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 381(9860), 29-39. Wu,J., Corley, D., Lennie, T.,Moser, D. (2012), Effect of a medication-taking behavior feedback theory-based intervention on outcomes in patients with heart failure.Journal of Cardiac Failure, 18(1), 1-9. Zannad, F., et al., (2015). Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. The Lancet, 385(9982), 2067-2076.

Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools

Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools What is corporal punishment? The National Association of School Nurses defines it as â€Å"the intentional infliction of physical pain as a method of changing behavior. It may include methods such as hitting, slapping, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, use of various objects (paddles, belts, sticks, or others), or painful body postures. Still Legal in 22  States While corporal punishment such as paddling, spanking and hitting students disappeared from private schools by the 1960s, according to an article published by NPR in December 2016,  it is still permitted in public schools in 22  states, which can be broken down into 7 states that simply dont prohibit it and 15 states that expressly permit it. The following seven states still have laws on their books that do not prohibit corporal punishment: IdahoColoradoSouth DakotaKansasIndianaNew HampshireMaine The following 15 states expressly permit corporal punishment in schools: AlabamaArizonaArkansas  FloridaGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMississippiMissouriNorth CarolinaOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasWyoming What is ironic about this situation is that no accredited teachers college in the U.S. advocates the use of corporal punishment. If they dont teach the use of corporal punishment in the classroom, why is the use of it still legal? The United States is the only nation in the western world which still permits corporal punishment in its schools. Canada banned corporal punishment in 2004. No European country permits corporal punishment. So far, the United States Congress has not acted on requests from organizations such as Human Rights Watch and the American Civil Liberties Union to enact federal legislation banning corporal punishment. Since education is widely viewed as a local and state matter, any further banning of corporal punishment will probably have to occur at that level. If, on the other hand, the federal government were to withhold funding from states where corporal punishment is legal, the local authorities might be more inclined to pass the appropriate laws. Rationale for Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment in one form or another has been around schools for centuries. It certainly is not a new issue. In the Roman Family children learned by imitation and corporal punishment. Religion also plays a role in the history of disciplining children by spanking or hitting them. Many people interpret Proverbs 13:24 literally when it states: Spare the rod and spoil the child. Why Should Corporal Punishment Be Banned? Research has shown that corporal punishment in the classroom is not an effective practice, and can cause more harm than good. Research has also shown that more students of color and students with disabilities experience instances of corporal punishment more than their peers. The research shows that children who are beaten and abused are more likely to be prone to depression, low self-esteem and suicide. The simple fact that corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure is not part of any education curriculum indicates that educators at every level know that it has no place in the classroom. Discipline can and should be taught be example and non-physical consequences. Most leading professional associations oppose corporal punishment in all its forms.  Corporal punishment is not allowed in the military, mental institutions or prisons, either. I learned years ago about corporal punishment from a man who was an expert in the field. I co-founded a high school in Nassau, Bahamas in 1994. As deputy director of the school, one of the first issues I had to deal with was discipline. Dr. Elliston Rahming, the owner and director of the school, was a criminologist. He had very firm views about the subject: there would be no corporal punishment of any kind. We had to find better, more effective ways than beating to enforce discipline. In the Bahamas, beating children was, and still, is an accepted disciplinary method in the home and in the school. Our solution was to develop a Code of Discipline which basically penalized unacceptable behavior according to the severity of the infraction. Everything from dress code to drugs, weapons and sexual infractions was covered. Remediation and resolution, retraining and reprogramming were the goals. Yes, we did get to the point on two or three occasions where we actually did suspend and expel st udents. The biggest problem we faced was breaking the cycle of abuse. What Happens in Americas Private Schools? Most private schools frown on the use of corporal punishment. Most schools have found more enlightened and effective methods for dealing with disciplinary issues. Honor codes and clearly spelled out results for infractions combined with contract law give private schools an edge in dealing with discipline. Basically, if you do something seriously wrong, you will get suspended or expelled from school. You will have no recourse because you have no legal rights other than those in the contract which you signed with the school. Things Parents Can Do What can you do? Write the state education departments of the states which still permit corporal punishment. Let them know that you oppose its use. Write your legislators and urge them to make corporal punishment illegal. Blog about local incidents of corporal punishment whenever appropriate. Organizations Opposed to Corporal Punishment in Schools The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry opposes the use of corporal punishment in schools and takes issue with laws in some states legalizing such corporal punishment and protecting adults who use it from prosecution for child abuse. The American School Counselor Association: ASCA seeks the elimination of corporal punishment in schools. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used. The National Association of Secondary School Principals believes that the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished and that principals should utilize alternative forms of discipline. The National Center for the Study of Corporal Punishment and Alternatives (NCSCPA) tracks information about this subject and puts out updates. It also offers an interesting reading list and other materials. Interview With Jordan Riak Jordan Riak is the Executive Director of Project NoSpank, an organization which is dedicated to the eradication of corporal punishment in our schools. In this article, he responds to some of our questions regarding corporal punishment. How Prevalent is Corporal Punishment in Schools? With the exception of those who are directly affected, most people are unaware that in more than 20  states, teachers and school administrators have the legal right to physically batter pupils. Children are sent home with bruised buttocks daily in untold numbers. There is a downward trend in the number of paddlings annually, which is encouraging, but still a small comfort to victims. Editors note: outdated data has been removed, but recent studies have shown that more than 100,000 students were physically punished in 2013-2014.  But the true numbers are surely higher than the records show. Since the data is supplied voluntarily, and since those reporting arent especially proud of what they are admitting to, under-reporting is inevitable. Some schools decline to participate in the Office for Civil Rights survey. When I inform people of the extensive use of corporal punishment in the schools, they almost invariably react with astonishment. Those who remember the paddle from their own school days tend to assume (erroneously) that its use had long since faded into history. Those who are fortunate enough to have attended schools where corporal punishment wasnt used or who lived in the states where bans were in effect are incredulous when presented with information about its current use. The following anecdote is illustrative. I was invited to address a class of students at San Francisco State University who were preparing to become school counselors. Some in the group already had teaching experience. At the conclusion of my presentation, one of the students- a teacher- opined that surely I was misinformed about the situation in California. Corporal punishment just isnt allowed here and hasnt been for years, she flatly insisted. I knew otherwise. I asked her where she had attended school and in w hich districts she had worked. As I expected, the places she named all had district-wide policies against the use of corporal punishment. She was unaware that in neighboring communities students were being paddled legally. Paddlers dont advertise, and one cant blame her for not knowing. The use of corporal punishment by public school teachers in California became illegal on January 1, 1987. In the United States, there is a long-standing gentlemans agreement between government, the media, and the educational establishment to avoid any mention of teacher violence. Typical of such taboos, adherents not only refrain from entering forbidden territory but come to believe that no such territory exists. An indignant correspondent wrote me the following: In my twenty years as a teacher in Texas, I never saw one student paddled. Strictly speaking, he might have been telling the truth about what he hadnt seen, but its hard to believe he was unaware of what was going on all around him. Recently I heard this on the radio. An author who had written about sports heroes influence as role models on youth was just concluding an interview and was beginning to field listeners calls. One caller recounted his experience at high school where a coach routinely beat up players. He told how one student who had been victimized by the coach later encountered him in public and punched him. The show s host abruptly cut off the call, and said laughingly, Well, there you have the darker side. Sounds like a movie by____ and hastened to the next caller. Rest assured, the United States does not have a monopoly on denial in this regard. At a conference on child abuse in Sydney in 1978, when I raised a question from the floor about why none of the presenters had talked about caning in schools, the moderator replied, It seems the things you want to talk about, Mr. Riak, are not the things we want to talk about. At that same conference, where I had set up a table to distribute anti-corporal punishment literature, a member of the New South Wales education department told me this: The corporal punishment controversy that youve been stirring up here is causing more broken friendships in the department than any other issue I can remember. Caning is no longer legal in Australian schools, and hopefully, old friendships have mended. How Do You Define Corporal Punishment? There never has been, and probably never will be, a definition of corporal punishment that doesnt stir debate. The American College Dictionary, 1953 Edition, defines corporal punishment as physical injury inflicted on the body of one convicted of a crime, and including the death penalty, flogging, sentence to a term of years, etc. The California Education Code, 1990 Compact Edition, Section 49001 defines it as the willful infliction, or willfully causing the infliction of physical pain on a pupil. Proponents of corporal punishment typically define the practice in personal terms, i.e., what they experienced when they were children, and what they now do to their children. Query any spanker on what it means to corporally punish a child and you will hear autobiography. When one attempts to distinguishing corporal punishment from child abuse, the confusion deepens. Lawmakers, as a rule, duck this conundrum. When it is forced on them, they act as though they are walking on eggs as they grope for language doesnt cramp the style of child punishers. Thats why legal definitions of child abuse are models of vagueness- an heroic accomplishment for those trained in the art of exactitude- and a boon to lawyers who defend abusers. School corporal punishment in schools United States typically involves requiring the student to bend forward as far as possible thus making the protruding posterior a convenient target for the punisher. That target is then struck one or more times with a flat board called a paddle. This causes sharp upward jolts to the spinal column accompanied by bruising, soreness and discoloration of the buttocks. Since the locus of impact is close to the anus and genitals, the sexual component of the act is unarguable. Nevertheless, possible adverse effects on the developing sexuality of young victims are ignored. Furthermore, the possibility that certain punishers are using the act as a pretext for gratifying their own perverse sexual appetites is also ignored. When these risk factors are cited, corporal punishment apologists typically dismiss the suggestion with derisive laughter and retorts such as, Oh, comon, please! Gime a break! Forced exercise is one of several unacknowledged forms of corporal punishment. Though the practice is unequivocally condemned by physical education experts, it is widely used, even in states that ban corporal punishment. It is a staple of locked facilities where troubled youth are corralled ostensibly for the purpose of being reformed. Not allowing children to void bodily waste when the need arises is another form of corporal punishment. It is physically and psychologically dangerous in the extreme, but its use against schoolchildren of all ages is ubiquitous. Punitive restriction of movement also qualifies as corporal punishment. When done to incarcerated adults, it is deemed a violation of human rights. When done to schoolchildren, its called discipline. In school environments where buttocks beating is key to student management and discipline, all the myriad lesser insults to which children are prey such as ear twisting, cheek squeezing, finger jabbing, arm grabbing, slamming against the wall and general manhandling are apt to pass unchronicled and unrecognized for what they really are. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

Four-Cycle Approach to Strategic Management essays

Four-Cycle Approach to Strategic Management essays Decisions are made from developing and analyzing alternatives and making a choice. Through a series of decisions or choices, executives can define, develop plans, goals and objectives, and set a desired course for the future of an organization. In the article, A four-cycle approach to strategy development and implementation, by William Finnie, strategy is defined as the management of change or adaptation of external circumstances and the creation of a desired future. Every organization has some kind of strategy in place, but through the development of an effectively implemented strategic plan a company can more readily meet the requirements of it customers. The four cycles that Finnie describes are strategy development, management review of changes and finalization of strategies and objectives, functional goals and action plans, and budgeting and resource allocation. In the first step of the cycle, strategy development, an organization would perform situation analysis, define the business, identify objectives, develop a generic strategy, establish customer-oriented strategies, and establish competitor-oriented strategies. From these steps, a basic strategy is developed. In the first step a company would review its environment or the external factors that would affect the business. By identifying threats and opportunities from the external factors, management can identify pending weaknesses. Management will then define its business which is an important step as the way the company is defined is a strategy in itself. Management will then define a strategic objective of the companys long-terms goals in areas of quality or customer satisfaction and market share. From there the companys generic strategy is developed. Finnie describes a generic strategy as a broad strategic approach to creating a defensible position in the industry identifying a competitive advantage. The final steps in t...

Study Strategies for Specific Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Study Strategies for Specific Course - Essay Example Critical Thinking Strategy The first study strategy to be applied in any specific course by a college student would be critical thinking strategy. Looking at the three basic learning styles, auditory learners would have easier time critiquing, synthesizing and analyzing information that they have heard, visual learners would easily critique, synthesis and analyses data they have seen while finally Kinestic learners would easily analyze, synthesis and critique information that was touched. Therefore this means that Critical thinking directly affects the domains of the English language whereby listeners, speakers, readers and writers all acquire and develop this skill in different ways. Reading Strategy Another study strategy would be reading. This study strategy requires the provision of a conducive surrounding and environment. The conditions for this environment should be silence and away from distractions should be provided. Considering the three basic learning styles, the auditory learners and kinestic learners would have a harder time trying to implement this strategy as compared to the visual learners. This is due to the fact that visual learners grasp more information through sight and in reading of books and other sources the source of sight is the most important aspect. Looking at the four domains of English language, it is clear that listeners, speakers and writers should sharpen their reading skills by applying this strategy in order to grasp more information through reading. SQ3R Method Strategy Another important study strategy would be application of the SQ3R method. This method involved Surveying, Questioning, Reading, Reciting then Reviewing once work. This method requires one to be disciplined to ensure they follow this procedure to the letter and do it on a daily basis. By application of this method, auditory learners, visual learners and kinestic learners all have an equal opportunity to benefit from applying this method of learning. This is due to the fact that this strategy touches on all the aspects of learning. Considering the four domains of the English language it would be true to say that by application of this strategy, learners, readers, writers and speakers are all able to gain another skill and sharpen their other skills as this strategy touches on all the four domains. The rhetorical triangle usually refers to presentation of wrk considering three main factors. This is the information the audience and the message. In college the audience is usually the professor or instructor of the course and therefore a student should ensure that the information conveyed to him is in the correct context. In taking up this study strategy and following the steps that entail this study a student is assured to convey the correct information to the instructor Conclusion In conclusion, when applying the critical thinking strategy as a study strategy it would involve the sharpening the skills of critiquing, synthesizing and analyzin g information. Critical thinking skills are not skills that one is born with one has to gradually develop them. This therefore means that neither auditory learners, visual learners nor kinestic learners have an advantage in implementation of this learning strategy. Therefore development of critical thinking skills requires patience and dedication Conclusively, when application of the